Tag: M.W=400-600

Watanabe, Tatsuro; Sato, Akemi; Kobayashi-Watanabe, Naomi; Sueoka-Aragane, Naoko; Kimura, Shinya; Sueoka, Eisaburo published the artcile< Torin2 potentiates anticancer effects on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin>, Safety of 9-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, the main research area is T cell leukemia lymphoma Torin2 anticancer mTOR signaling; AKT; Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; growth inhibition; mammalian target of rapamycin.

Background: Torin2 is a second-generation ATP-competitive inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Dysregulation of mTOR signaling pathway, consisting of mTOR complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, is a promising therapeutic target in some human malignancies. We examined antitumor effects of Torin2 in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)-related cell lines compared to those of rapamycin, a classical mTOR inhibitor. Materials and Methods: Cell growth was monitored by detecting viable cells with Cell Counting Kit-8 or trypan blue. Cell cycle was studied by flow cytometric anal. The phosphorylation status of proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway was examined by western blot anal. Results: Torin2 exhibited greater efficacy in cell growth inhibition than rapamycin, associated with a strong reduction of phosphorylated v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) (Ser 473), that is downstream of mTORC2. Conclusion: Since mTORC2 activates AKT, Torin2 might inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2, resulting in stronger growth inhibition of ATL cells.

Anticancer Research published new progress about Adult T-cell leukemia. 1223001-51-1 belongs to class naphthyridine, and the molecular formula is C24H15F3N4O, Safety of 9-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one.

Referemce:
1,8-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
1,8-Naphthyridine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Shen, Chen; Chen, Jin Hong; Lee, Youngyi; Hassan, Mehedi Md.; Kim, Su Jin; Choi, Eun Young; Hong, Seong-Tshool; Park, Byung-Hyun; Park, Ji Hyun published the artcile< mTOR- and SGK-mediated connexin 43 expression participates in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage>, Product Details of C24H15F3N4O, the main research area is mTOR SGK connexin43 peritoneal macrophage bacterial peritonitis.

Connexin 43 (Cx43) deficiency was found to increase mortality in a mouse model of bacterial peritonitis, and Cx43 is upregulated in macrophages by LPS treatment. In this study, we characterized a novel signaling pathway for LPS-induced Cx43 expression in RAW264.7 cells and thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TGEMs). LPS alone or LPS-containing conditioned medium (CM) upregulated Cx43. Overexpression or silencing of Cx43 led to the enhancement or inhibition, resp., of CM-induced TGEM migration. This response involved the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src pathways. Moreover, CM-induced migration was compromised in TGEMs from Cx43+/2 mice compared with TGEMs from Cx43+/+ littermates. Cx43 was upregulated by a serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK) activator and downregulated, along with inhibition of CM-induced TGEM migration, by knockdown of the SGK gene or blockade of the SGK pathway. LPS-induced SGK activation was abrogated by Torin2, whereas LPS-induced Cx43 was downregulated by both Torin2 and rapamycin. Anal. of the effects of FK506 and methylprednisolone, common immunosuppressive agents following organ transplantation, suggested a link between these immunosuppressive drugs and impaired macrophage migration via the Cx43/iNOS/Src/FAK pathway. In a model of Escherichia coli infectious peritonitis, GSK650349-, an SGK inhibitor, or Torin2-treated mice showed less accumulation of F4/80+CD11b+ macrophages in the peritoneal cavity, with a delay in the elimination of bacteria. Furthermore, following pretreatment with Gap19, a selective Cx43 hemichannel blocker, the survival of model mice was significantly reduced. Taken together, our study suggested that Cx43 in macrophages was associated with macrophage migration, an important immune process in host defense to infection.

Journal of Immunology published new progress about Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 1223001-51-1 belongs to class naphthyridine, and the molecular formula is C24H15F3N4O, Product Details of C24H15F3N4O.

Referemce:
1,8-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
1,8-Naphthyridine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Ishikawa, Makoto; Takaseki, Sanae; Yoshitomi, Takeshi; Covey, Douglas F.; Zorumski, Charles F.; Izumi, Yukitoshi published the artcile< The neurosteroid allopregnanolone protects retinal neurons by effects on autophagy and GABRs/GABAA receptors in rat glaucoma models>, Quality Control of 1223001-51-1, the main research area is neurosteroid allopregnanolone GABR GABA receptor rat glaucoma model; Allopregnanolone; autophagy; glaucoma; intraocular pressure; neurosteroid.

In an ex vivo rat glaucoma model using dissected retinas, the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (AlloP) protects retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) via GABR/GABAA receptors. To determine the involvement of macroautophagy/autophagy in neuroprotection by AlloP, we examined the effects of autophagy activators, rapamycin and torin 2, and autophagy inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 and SAR405, on retinal retinal morphol. and expression of MAP1 LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) and SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1). Administration of rapamycin or torin 2 exerted partial histol. neuroprotection, while combined administration of AlloP with bafilomycin A1 or SAR405 induced severe degeneration in a hyperbaric condition. Electron microscopic analyses showed that the addition of AlloP significantly increased autophagosomes and degenerative autophagic vacuoles in the retinal nerve fiber layer. Immunoblotting showed that the addition of AlloP or autophagic activators increased the lipidated form of LC3B (LC3B-II) and suppressed SQSTM1. Moreover, bafilomycin A1 increased LC3B-II and SQSTM1 protein levels in the presence of AlloP without changes in corresponding mRNAs compared to AlloP-treated retinas in a hyperbaric condition. These data indicate that AlloP likely induces a protective form of autophagy in this model. In an in vivo rat model of glaucoma, we also observed neuroprotective effects of AlloP. Injection of polystyrene microbeads into the anterior chamber increased intraocular pressure about 3-fold and induced RGC apoptosis. A single intravitreal injection of AlloP or autophagy activators prevented apoptosis and protected RGCs with autophagy activation. We conclude that AlloP may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of glaucoma via diverse mechanisms.

Autophagy published new progress about Apoptosis. 1223001-51-1 belongs to class naphthyridine, and the molecular formula is C24H15F3N4O, Quality Control of 1223001-51-1.

Referemce:
1,8-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
1,8-Naphthyridine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Kumar, Sushil; Kumari, Renu; Pandey, Richa published the artcile< New insight-guided approaches to detect, cure, prevent and eliminate malaria>, Recommanded Product: 9-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, the main research area is review malaria diagnosis therapy prevention.

A review. New challenges posed by the development of resistance against artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as well as previous first-line therapies, and the continuing absence of vaccine, have given impetus to research in all areas of malaria control. This review portrays the ongoing progress in several directions of malaria research. The variants of RTS,S and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) are being developed and test adapted as multicomponent and multistage malaria control vaccines, while many other vaccine candidates and methodologies to produce antigens are under experimentation. To track and prevent the spread of artemisinin resistance from Southeast Asia to other parts of the world, rolling circle-enhanced enzyme activity detection (REEAD), a time- and cost-effective malaria diagnosis in field conditions, and a DNA marker associated with artemisinin resistance have become available. Novel mosquito repellents and mosquito trapping and killing techniques much more effective than the prevalent ones are undergoing field testing. Mosquito lines stably infected with their symbiotic wild-type or genetically engineered bacteria that kill sympatric malaria parasites are being constructed and field tested for stopping malaria transmission. A complementary approach being pursued is the addition of ivermectin-like drug mols. to ACTs to cure malaria and kill mosquitoes. Experiments are in progress to eradicate malaria mosquito by making it genetically male sterile. High-throughput screening procedures are being developed and used to discover mols. that possess long in vivo half life and are active against liver and blood stages for the fast cure of malaria symptoms caused by simple or relapsing and drug-sensitive and drug-resistant types of varied malaria parasites, can stop gametocytogenesis and sporogony and could be given in one dose. Target-based antimalarial drug designing has begun. Some of the putative next-generation antimalarials that possess in their scaffold structure several of the desired properties of malaria cure and control are exemplified by OZ439, NITD609, ELQ300 and tafenoquine that are already undergoing clin. trials, and decoquinate, usnic acid, torin-2, ferroquine, WEHI-916, MMV396749 and benzothiophene-type N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) inhibitors, which are candidates for future clin. usage. Among these, NITD609, ELQ300, decoquinate, usnic acid, torin-2 and NMT inhibitors not only cure simple malaria and are prophylactic against simple malaria, but they also cure relapsing malaria.

Protoplasma published new progress about Antimalarials. 1223001-51-1 belongs to class naphthyridine, and the molecular formula is C24H15F3N4O, Recommanded Product: 9-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one.

Referemce:
1,8-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
1,8-Naphthyridine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Patidar, Khushboo; Panwar, Umesh; Vuree, Sugunakar; Sweta, Jajoriya; Sandhu, Manpreet Kaur; Nayarisseri, Anuraj; Singh, Sanjeev Kumar published the artcile< An in silico approach to identify high affinity small molecule targeting m-TOR inhibitors for the clinical treatment of breast cancer>, Category: naphthyridine, the main research area is breast cancer mTOR inhibitor sf1126 pharmacophore; Breast cancer; mTOR; Schrodinger Suite; Molecular Docking; MM-GBSA; virtual screening.

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women. It is a heterogeneous disease with different subtypes defined by its hormone receptor. A hormone receptor is mainly concerned with the progression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which is often dysregulated in breast cancer. This is a major signaling pathway that controls the activities such as cell growth, cell division, and cell proliferation. The present study aims to suppress mTOR protein by its various inhibitors and to select one with the highest binding affinity to the receptor protein. Out of 40 inhibitors of mTOR against breast cancer, SF1126 was identified to have the best docking score of -8.705, using Schrodinger Suite which was further subjected for high throughput screening to obtain best similar compound using Lipinski’s filters. The compound obtained after virtual screening, ID: ZINC85569445 is seen to have the highest affinity with the target protein mTOR. The same result based on the binding free energy anal. using MM-GBSA showed that the compound ZINC85569445 to have the the highest binding free energy. The next study of interaction between the ligand and receptor protein with the pharmacophore mapping showed the best conjugates, and the ZINC85569445 can be further studied for future benefits of treatment of breast cancer.

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention published new progress about Blood-brain barrier. 1223001-51-1 belongs to class naphthyridine, and the molecular formula is C24H15F3N4O, Category: naphthyridine.

Referemce:
1,8-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
1,8-Naphthyridine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Bosch, Soraya S.; Lunev, Sergey; Batista, Fernando A.; Linzke, Marleen; Kronenberger, Thales; Domling, Alexander S. S.; Groves, Matthew R.; Wrenger, Carsten published the artcile< Molecular target validation of aspartate transcarbamoylase from Plasmodium falciparum by torin 2>, Reference of 1223001-51-1, the main research area is aspartate transcarbamoylase Plasmodium torin 2 drug target crystal structure; ATC; aspartate metabolism; drug target validation; malaria; protein interference assay; pyrimidine biosynthesis.

Malaria is a tropical disease that kills about half a million people around the world annually. Enzymic reactions within pyrimidine biosynthesis have been proven to be essential for Plasmodium proliferation. Here we report on the essentiality of the second enzymic step of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, catalyzed by aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC). Crystallization experiments using a double mutant of Plasmodium falciparum ATC (PfATC) revealed the importance of the mutated residues for enzyme catalysis. Subsequently, this mutant was employed in protein interference assays (PIAs), which resulted in inhibition of parasite proliferation when parasites transfected with the double mutant were cultivated in medium lacking an excess of nutrients, including aspartate. Addition of 5 or 10 mg/L of aspartate to the minimal medium restored the parasites’ normal growth rate. In vitro and whole-cell assays in the presence of the compound Torin 2 showed inhibition of specific activity and parasite growth, resp. In silico analyses revealed the potential binding mode of Torin 2 to PfATC. Furthermore, a transgenic ATC-overexpressing cell line exhibited a 10-fold increased tolerance to Torin 2 compared with control cultures. Taken together, our results confirm the antimalarial activity of Torin 2, suggesting PfATC as a target of this drug and a promising target for the development of novel antimalarials.

ACS Infectious Diseases published new progress about Antimalarials. 1223001-51-1 belongs to class naphthyridine, and the molecular formula is C24H15F3N4O, Reference of 1223001-51-1.

Referemce:
1,8-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
1,8-Naphthyridine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Kafita, Doris; Daka, Victor; Nkhoma, Panji; Zulu, Mildred; Zulu, Ephraim; Tembo, Rabecca; Ngwira, Zifa; Mwaba, Florence; Sinkala, Musalula; Munsaka, Sody published the artcile< High ELF4 expression in human cancers is associated with worse disease outcomes and increased resistance to anticancer drugs>, SDS of cas: 1223001-51-1, the main research area is transcription factor cancer resistance human anticancer drug.

The malignant phenotype of tumor cells is fuelled by changes in the expression of various transcription factors, including some of the well-studied proteins such as p53 and Myc. Despite significant progress made, little is known about several other transcription factors, including ELF4, and how they help shape the oncogenic processes in cancer cells. To this end, we performed a bioinformatics anal. to facilitate a detailed understanding of how the expression variations of ELF4 in human cancers are related to disease outcomes and the cancer cell drug responses. Here, using ELF4 mRNA expression data of 9,350 samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer project, we identify two groups of patient′s tumors: those that expressed high ELF4 transcripts and those that expressed low ELF4 transcripts across 32 different human cancers. We uncover that patients segregated into these two groups are associated with different clin. outcomes. Further, we find that tumors that express high ELF4 mRNA levels tend to be of a higher-grade, afflict a significantly older patient population and have a significantly higher mutation burden. By analyzing dose-response profiles to 397 anti-cancer drugs of 612 well-characterised human cancer cell lines, we discover that cell lines that expressed high ELF4 mRNA transcript are significantly less responsive to 129 anti-cancer drugs, and only significantly more response to three drugs: dasatinib, WH-4-023, and Ponatinib, all of which remarkably target the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC and tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1. Collectively our analyses have shown that, across the 32 different human cancers, the patients afflicted with tumors that overexpress ELF4 tended to have a more aggressive disease that is also is more likely more refractory to most anti-cancer drugs, a finding upon which we could devise novel categorisation of patient tumors, treatment, and prognostic strategies.

PLoS One published new progress about Acute myeloid leukemia. 1223001-51-1 belongs to class naphthyridine, and the molecular formula is C24H15F3N4O, SDS of cas: 1223001-51-1.

Referemce:
1,8-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
1,8-Naphthyridine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Vogel, K. R.; Ainslie, G. R.; Jansen, E. E. W.; Salomons, G. S.; Gibson, K. M. published the artcile< Therapeutic relevance of mTOR inhibition in murine succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), a disorder of GABA metabolism>, Name: 9-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, the main research area is torin mTOR succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency GABA oxidataive stress; GABA; Oxidative stress; Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency; Torin 1; Torin 2; mTOR.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5a1-deficient (aldh5a1-/-) mice, the murine orthologue of human succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), manifest increased GABA (4-aminobutyric acid) that disrupts autophagy, increases mitochondria number, and induces oxidative stress, all mitigated with the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) inhibitor rapamycin [1]. Because GABA regulates mTOR, we tested the hypothesis that aldh5a1-/- mice would show altered levels of mRNA for genes associated with mTOR signaling and oxidative stress that could be mitigated by inhibiting mTOR. We observed that multiple metabolites associated with GABA metabolism (γ-hydroxybutyrate, succinic semialdehyde, D-2-hydroxyglutarate, 4,5-dihydrohexanoate) and oxidative stress were significantly increased in multiple tissues derived from aldh5a1-/- mice. These metabolic perturbations were associated with decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in brain and liver of aldh5a1-/- mice, as well as increased levels of adducts of the lipid peroxidation byproduct, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). Decreased liver mRNA levels for multiple genes associated with mTOR signaling and oxidative stress parameters were detected in aldh5a1-/- mice, and several were significantly improved with the administration of mTOR inhibitors (Torin 1/Torin 2). Western blot anal. of selected proteins corresponding to oxidative stress transcripts (glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin 1) confirmed gene expression findings. Our data provide addnl. preclin. evidence for the potential therapeutic efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in SSADHD.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular Basis of Disease published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 1223001-51-1 belongs to class naphthyridine, and the molecular formula is C24H15F3N4O, Name: 9-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one.

Referemce:
1,8-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
1,8-Naphthyridine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Al-Ali, Hassan; Ding, Ying; Slepak, Tatiana; Wu, Wei; Sun, Yan; Martinez, Yania; Xu, Xiao-Ming; Lemmon, Vance P.; Bixby, John L. published the artcile< The mTOR substrate S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) is a negative regulator of axon regeneration and a potential drug target for central nervous System Injury>, Formula: C24H15F3N4O, the main research area is central nervous system injury axon regeneration mTOR SK; S6K; axon regeneration; drug discovery; drug target; kinase; spinal cord injury.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pos. regulates axon growth in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Although axon regeneration and functional recovery from CNS injuries are typically limited, knockdown or deletion of PTEN, a neg. regulator of mTOR, increases mTOR activity and induces robust axon growth and regeneration. It has been suggested that inhibition of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1, gene symbol: RPS6KB1), a prominent mTOR target, would blunt mTOR’s pos. effect on axon growth. In contrast to this expectation, we demonstrate that inhibition of S6K1 in CNS neurons promotes neurite outgrowth in vitro by twofold to threefold. Biochem. anal. revealed that an mTOR-dependent induction of PI3K signaling is involved in mediating this effect of S6K1 inhibition. Importantly, treating female mice in vivo with PF-4708671, a selective S6K1 inhibitor, stimulated corticospinal tract regeneration across a dorsal spinal hemisection between the cervical 5 and 6 cord segments (C5/C6), increasing axon counts for at least 3 mm beyond the injury site at 8 wk after injury. Concomitantly, treatment with PF-4708671 produced significant locomotor recovery. Pharmacol. targeting of S6K1 may therefore constitute an attractive strategy for promoting axon regeneration following CNS injury, especially given that S6K1 inhibitors are being assessed in clin. trials for nononcol. indications.

Journal of Neuroscience published new progress about Central nervous system injury. 1223001-51-1 belongs to class naphthyridine, and the molecular formula is C24H15F3N4O, Formula: C24H15F3N4O.

Referemce:
1,8-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
1,8-Naphthyridine | C8H6N2 – PubChem

Sun, Wei; Tanaka, Takeshi Q.; Magle, Crystal T.; Huang, Wenwei; Southall, Noel; Huang, Ruili; Dehdashti, Seameen J.; McKew, John C.; Williamson, Kim C.; Zheng, Wei published the artcile< Chemical signatures and new drug targets for gametocytocidal drug development>, Electric Literature of 1223001-51-1, the main research area is antimalarial agent therapeutic target gametocyte Plasmodium malaria.

Control of parasite transmission is critical for the eradication of malaria. However, most antimalarial drugs are not active against P. falciparum gametocytes, responsible for the spread of malaria. Consequently, patients can remain infectious for weeks after the clearance of asexual parasites and clin. symptoms. Here we report the identification of 27 potent gametocytocidal compounds (IC50 < 1 μM) from screening 5,215 known drugs and compounds All these compounds were active against three strains of gametocytes with different drug sensitivities and geog. origins, 3D7, HB3 and Dd2. Cheminformatic anal. revealed chem. signatures for P. falciparum sexual and asexual stages indicative of druggability and suggesting potential targets. Torin 2, a top lead compound (IC50 = 8 nM against gametocytes in vitro), completely blocked oocyst formation in a mouse model of transmission. These results provide critical new leads and potential targets to expand the repertoire of malaria transmission-blocking reagents. Scientific Reports published new progress about 5-HT2A receptors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 1223001-51-1 belongs to class naphthyridine, and the molecular formula is C24H15F3N4O, Electric Literature of 1223001-51-1.

Referemce:
1,8-Naphthyridine – Wikipedia,
1,8-Naphthyridine | C8H6N2 – PubChem